{"id":1613,"date":"2020-05-25T22:56:00","date_gmt":"2020-05-25T14:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yumefx.com\/?p=1613"},"modified":"2021-03-02T18:41:48","modified_gmt":"2021-03-02T10:41:48","slug":"linux%e5%b8%b8%e7%94%a8%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e5%92%8c%e6%8a%80%e5%b7%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yumefx.com\/?p=1613","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u6280\u5de7"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Linux\u7edf\u8ba1\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u76ee<\/h1>\n

Linux\u4e0b\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff1als<\/code>\u3001grep<\/code>\u3001wc<\/code>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u53ef\u4ee5\u7edf\u8ba1\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6\u53ca\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n#\u7edf\u8ba1\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff08\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u76ee\u5f55\uff09<\/span>\nls -l | grep "^-" | wc -l<\/span>\n#\u7edf\u8ba1\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\uff09<\/span>\nls -lR| grep "^-" | wc -l<\/span>\n#\u67e5\u770b\u67d0\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6\u5939(\u76ee\u5f55)\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\uff09<\/span>\nls -lR | grep "^d" | wc -l<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u6790\uff1a<\/p>\n
ls -l
\u957f\u5217\u8868\u8f93\u51fa\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f(\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u6307\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u94fe\u63a5\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49)\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\uff0cls -lR<\/code>\u662f\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n
grep “^-“
\u8fc7\u6ee4ls\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u822c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559\u76ee\u5f55\u662fgrep \"^d\"<\/code>\u3002
\u547d\u4ee4\u7f16\u8f91\u53ca\u5149\u6807\u79fb\u52a8<\/p>\n
wc -l
\u7528\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u884c\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u884c\u6570\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684newline<\/code>\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u800cecho -n<\/code>\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u884c\u5c3e\u4e0d\u8f93\u51fanewline\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u7edf\u8ba1\u884c\u6570\u65f6\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/h1>\n
\u5feb\u6377\u4fee\u6b63\u547d\u4ee4<\/h1>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u5149\u6807\u4e8c\u5b57\u4ee3\u66ff\u5149\u6807\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5220\u9664\u4ece\u5f00\u5934\u5230\u5149\u6807\u5904\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6587\u672c<\/p>\n
ctrl + u\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ncd \/proc\/tty;ls -al\u5149\u6807<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u679c\u6b64\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528ctrl + u<\/code>\u5feb\u6377\u952e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u6e05\u9664\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u957f\u6309backspace\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5220\u9664\u4ece\u5149\u6807\u5230\u7ed3\u5c3e\u5904\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6587\u672c<\/p>\n
ctrl+k\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ncd \/proc\/tty\u5149\u6807;ls -al<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u590d\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u679c\u6b64\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528ctrl + k<\/code>\u5feb\u6377\u952e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ece\u5149\u6807\u5f00\u59cb\u5904\u5230\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6587\u672c\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nctrl + a:\u5149\u6807\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u5f00\u5934<\/span>\nctrl + e\uff1a\u5149\u6807\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u7ed3\u5c3e<\/span>\nalt f:\u5149\u6807\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd<\/span>\nalt b\uff1a\u5149\u6807\u5411\u540e\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd<\/span>\nctrl w\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff08\u4ee5\u7a7a\u683c\u9694\u5f00\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff09<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/h1>\n
linux\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u7279\u6b8a\u540d\u79f0\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h1>\n
\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u4e0blinux\u4e2d\u6587\u4ef6\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u7531\u9664\u201c\/\u201d\u548c\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u201c\\0\u201d\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4efb\u610fASCII\u5b57\u7b26\u5e8f\u5217\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u5f88\u591a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5141\u8bb8\u66f4\u591a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u7ec4\u6210\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u6765\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u610f\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7531\u7a0b\u5e8f\u610f\u5916\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7531\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a-static\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u5b83\u5220\u9664\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nrm -static<\/span>\nrm: invalid option \u2014 's'<\/span>\nTry \u2018rm .\/-static\u2019 to remove the file '-static'.<\/span>\nTry \u2018rm \u2013help\u2019 for more information.<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u63d0\u793a\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5220\u9664-static\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u5728linux\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5-\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5de7\u7684\uff0c-static\u5c31\u88abrm\u547d\u4ee4\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8be5\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6700\u7ec8\u63d0\u793ainvalid option \u2014 \u2018s\u2019\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4-static\u6587\u4ef6\u65e0\u6cd5\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nrm .\/-static<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u6700\u7ec8\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06-static\u6587\u4ef6\u6210\u529f\u5220\u9664\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u5e26\u4e0a\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/h1>\n
\u6e05\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/h1>\n
\u6bd4\u5982\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f60\u60f3\u5feb\u901f\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u60f3\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u60f3\u6e05\u7a7a\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n>filename<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/h1>\n
\u6dfb\u52a0\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/h1>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\u600e\u6837\u628a\/usr\/local\/mysql\/bin\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n
vim \/etc\/profile<\/code>\u5728\u6700\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nexport PATH=\/usr\/local\/mysql\/bin:$PATH<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u8981\u8ba9\u521a\u624d\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u9a6c\u4e0a\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nsource \/etc\/profile<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/h1>\n
\u8ba1\u7b97\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4<\/h1>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5199\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u60f3\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5229\u7528time<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u5e2e\u6211\u4eec\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ntime .\/fibo 30<\/span>\nthe 30 result is 832040<\/span>\n<\/span>\nreal 0m0.088s<\/span>\nuser 0m0.084s<\/span>\nsys 0m0.004s<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/h1>\n
\u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u524d10\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
\nps -aux|sort -k4nr |head -n 10<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
k4\u4ee3\u8868\u6839\u636e\u7b2c4\u5217\u6392\u5e8f\uff0cn\u4ee3\u8868\u6839\u636e\u6570\u503c\u5927\u5c0f\u6392\u5e8f\uff0cr\u4ee3\u8868\u9006\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/h1>\n
\u641c\u7d22\u5305\u542b\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/h1>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u67e5\u627e\u5305\u542btest\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ngrep -rn "test"<\/span>\ntest2.txt:1:test<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u5b83\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u8be5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u51e0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/h1>\n
\u5c4f\u5e55\u51bb\u7ed3<\/h1>\n
\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u7ec8\u7aef\u53ef\u80fd\u8f93\u51fa\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u4f60\u60f3\u7b80\u5355\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0d\u60f3\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528ctrl+s<\/code>\u952e\uff0c\u51bb\u7ed3\u5c4f\u5e55\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0d\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u6062\u590d\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528ctrl+q<\/code>\u9000\u51fa\u51bb\u7ed3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/h1>\n
\u65e0\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7f16\u8f91\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6<\/h1>\n
\u5982\u679c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u8fde\u57fa\u672c\u7684vi\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ncat >file.txt<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u7f16\u8f91\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0cctrl+d<\/code>\u5373\u53ef\u4fdd\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5199\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bfb\u3002<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/h1>\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u5177\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u9650\u5236\uff08Timeout\uff09\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/h1>\n
timeout<\/code> \u662f\u6307\u8fd0\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\u4ecd\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5219\u6740\u6b7b\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u7528\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8981\u57285\u79d2\u949f\u540e\u4f7fping\u547d\u4ee4\u81ea\u52a8\u7ec8\u6b62\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ntimeout 5s ping google.com<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u79d2\uff0c\u56e0\u6b645\u540e\u9762\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4e00\u5b9a\u52a0s\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5176\u4ed6\u540e\u7f00\u5305\u62ec\uff1am \u4ee3\u8868\u5206\u949f\uff0ch \u4ee3\u8868\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0cd \u4ee3\u8868\u5929<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/h1>\n
Linux\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h1>\n
\u901a\u8fc7ps<\/code>\u53catop<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u67e5\u5230\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u67e5\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/p>\n
Linux\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5728\/proc<\/code>\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5PID\u547d\u540d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u4f1a\u6709\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aexe\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5373\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7ll<\/code>\u6216ls \u2013l<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u5373\u53ef\u67e5\u770b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nll \/proc\/PID<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
cwd<\/code>\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u76ee\u5f55\uff1b<\/p>\n
exe<\/code>\u7b26\u53f7\u8fde\u63a5\u5c31\u662f\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\uff1b<\/p>\n
cmdline<\/code>\u5c31\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b<\/p>\n
environ<\/code>\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff1b<\/p>\n
fd<\/code>\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6253\u5f00\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/h1>\n
\/lib\u548c\/usr\/lib\u548c\/usr\/local\/lib\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h1>\n
\u7b80\u5355\u8bf4,\/lib<\/code>\u662f\u5185\u6838\u7ea7\u7684,\/usr\/lib<\/code>\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7684,\/usr\/local\/lib<\/code>\u662f\u7528\u6237\u7ea7\u7684.<\/p>\n
\/lib\/<\/tt><\/code>\u00a0\u2014 \u5305\u542b\u8bb8\u591a\u88ab\u00a0\/bin\/<\/tt><\/code>\u00a0\u548c\u00a0\/sbin\/<\/tt><\/code>\u00a0\u4e2d\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u76ee\u5f55\u00a0\/usr\/lib\/<\/tt>\u00a0<\/code>\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7528\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\/lib<\/code>\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u653e\u7f6e\u7684\u662f\/bin<\/code>\u548c\/sbin<\/code>\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\/lib\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u9075\u5faa\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nlibc.so.* <\/span>\nld* <\/span>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u4ec5\u4ec5\u88ab\/usr<\/code>\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u5e93\u4e0d\u5fc5\u653e\u5230\/lib<\/code>\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002\u53ea\u6709\/bin<\/code>\u548c\/sbin<\/code>\u4e0b\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5e93\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u653e\u5230\/lib<\/code>\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0clibm.so.*<\/code>\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u662f\/bin<\/code>\u548c\/sbin<\/code>\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5230\/usr\/lib<\/code>\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n
\/bin\/<\/tt><\/code>\u00a0\u2014 \u7528\u6765\u8d2e\u5b58\u7528\u6237\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u76ee\u5f55\u00a0\/usr\/bin<\/tt><\/code>\u00a0\u4e5f\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u8d2e\u5b58\u7528\u6237\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
\/sbin\/<\/tt><\/code>\u00a0\u2014 \u8bb8\u591a\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 shutdown\uff09\u7684\u8d2e\u5b58\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u76ee\u5f55\u00a0\/usr\/sbin<\/tt>\u00a0<\/code>\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
usr<\/code> \u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662fuser\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u7136\uff0c\u662funix system resource<\/code>\u7f29\u5199\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/h1>\n
\/bin\/false \u548c \/usr\/sbin\/nologin \u533a\u522b\u5206\u6790<\/h1>\n
\/usr\/sbin\/nologin<\/code>\uff0c\/bin\/false<\/code>\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u7981\u6b62\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55
\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n#\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u80fd\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u7528\u6237<\/span>\nuseradd -d \/usr\/local\/apache -g apache -s \/bin\/false apache<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u8981\u62d2\u7edd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176shell\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\/usr\/sbin\/nologin<\/code>\u6216\u8005\/bin\/false<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nusermod -s | \u2013shell \/usr\/sbin\/nologin username<\/span>\n# \u6216\u8005<\/span>\nusermod -s | -shell \/bin\/false username<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u8bf4\u660e\u53ca\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1a<\/p>\n
\/bin\/false<\/strong>\uff1a\/bin\/false\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e5f\u4e0d\u505a\u53ea\u662f\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u7684shell\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\/bin\/false\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u4f1a\u65e0\u6cd5\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u63d0\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n
\/usr\/sbin\/nologin<\/strong>\uff1anologin\u4f1a\u793c\u8c8c\u7684\u5411\u7528\u6237\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u6761\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u62d2\u7edd\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\uff1aThis account is currently not available.<\/p>\n
\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4e00\u4e9bftp\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u975e\u865a\u62df\u8d26\u6237\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7528\u6237\u6709\u6709\u6548\u7684shell\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528ftp\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528nologin\u4f7f\u7528\u6237\u5373\u4e0d\u80fd\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982ftp\u670d\u52a1\u3002\/bin\/false\u5219\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u533a\u522b\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n
\/etc\/nologin<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\/etc\/nologin<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5219\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8root\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u5168\u90e8\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u5411\u4ed6\u4eec\u663e\u793a\/etc\/nologin<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/h1>\n
\u7ed9history\u547d\u4ee4\u6dfb\u52a0\u65f6\u95f4<\/h1>\n
\"\"<\/p>\n
\u901a\u5e38\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884chistory<\/code>\u662f\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u65f6\u4e3a\u4e86\u5206\u6790\u4e4b\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5c31\u4e0d\u592a\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7f16\u8f91\/etc\/profile<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u518d\u6587\u4ef6\u6700\u540e\u672b\u5c3e\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e0b\u9762\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nexport HISTTIMEFORMAT=" %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S  "<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u4fdd\u5b58\u540e\u6267\u884c source\u00a0 \/etc\/profile<\/code><\/p>\n
\"\"<\/p>\n
\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528history | grep<\/code> \u6765\u8fc7\u6ee4\u8fc7\u4e0d\u60f3\u9700\u8981\u770b\u5230\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u770b2019\u5e745\u67084\u53f7\u90fd\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0history | grep \u20182019-05-4\u2019<\/code><\/p>\n
\u7ed3\u5408last<\/code> \u548chistory<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684ip\u5730\u5740\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/h1>\n
\u9000\u51fa\u5f53\u524d Bash Shell \u5e76\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58\u5386\u53f2\u7684 5 \u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h1>\n
\u67d0\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u9000\u51fa Bash Shell \u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e0d\u8981\u4fdd\u5b58\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u5148\u8bf4\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n
1. \u4fee\u6539 HISTFILE<\/code> \u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nunset HISTFILE && exit<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
2. \u76f4\u63a5 Kill \u5f53\u524d Shell<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nkill -9 $$<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u6e05\u9664\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1a<\/p>\n
3. \u6e05\u9664\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u5e76\u9000\u51fa<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nhistory -c && exit<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
4.\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u4fdd\u5b58\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 0 \u6761\u5e76\u9000\u51fa<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nHISTSIZE=0 && exit<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
5. \u5220\u9664\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u4fee\u6539 HISTFILE<\/code> \u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nrm -f $HISTFILE && unset HISTFILE && exit<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5c06\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230 ~\/.bash_logout<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528 alisa<\/code> \u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/h1>\n
\u6e05\u9664 SSH \u767b\u5f55\u8bb0\u5f55<\/h1>\n
SSH \u767b\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\u4ee5\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u5e94\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e71\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u67e5\u770b\u547d\u4ee4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u65e5\u5fd7\u5185\u5bb9
\/var\/log\/wtmp\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 last\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u767b\u5f55\u6210\u529f\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3001IP \u5730\u5740\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u8bb0\u5f55
\/var\/log\/btmp\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 lastb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u767b\u5f55\u5931\u8d25\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4fe1\u606f\u540c\u4e0a
\/var\/log\/lastlog\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 lastlog\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u5404\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6700\u8fd1\u767b\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7
\/var\/log\/secure\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u7528cat\u67e5\u770b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u5404\u7c7b\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u53e3\u4ee4\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7<\/p>\n
\u6e05\u9664 SSH \u767b\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ncat \/dev\/null > \/var\/log\/wtmp<\/span>\ncat \/dev\/null > \/var\/log\/btmp<\/span>\ncat \/dev\/null > \/var\/log\/lastlog<\/span>\ncat \/dev\/null > \/var\/log\/secure<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/h1>\n
\u6e05\u9664 Bash \u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4<\/h1>\n
Bash \u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5b58\u5728\u7528\u6237\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684 .bash_history<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\uff0c\u7528 history<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u3002<\/p>\n
history<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u663e\u793a\u6307\u5b9a\u6570\u76ee\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8bfb\u53d6\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u548c\u5c06\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u5199\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u5355\u72ec\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u4ec5\u663e\u793a\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7b26\u53f7!\u6267\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u5e8f\u53f7\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7b2c2\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5219\u8f93\u5165!2\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u88ab\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u9000\u51fa\u6216\u8005\u767b\u5f55shell\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u4fdd\u5b58\u6216\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4\u4ec5\u80fd\u591f\u5b58\u50a81000\u6761\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8be5\u6570\u91cf\u662f\u7531\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cfHISTSIZE<\/code>\u8fdb\u884c\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6e05\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u7acb\u5373\u66f4\u65b0\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nhistory -c && history -w<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u9700\u6e05\u9664\u5f53\u524d\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7528\u8fc7\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u7528 history -r<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u6e05\u9664\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u8bb0\u5f55\u8fd8\u5728\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\uff0c-r \u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8986\u76d6\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6history\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6b64\u524d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u90e8\u5206\u8f6c\u8f7d\u81eazgao’s blog<\/a>\uff0c\u7a0d\u4f5c\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b9a\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\u8981\u7559\u5fc3\uff0c<\/p>\n
\u5373\u4f7f\u5f53\u4f60\u72ec\u81ea\u4e00\u4eba\u65f6\uff0c<\/p>\n
\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u8bf4\u574f\u8bdd\u6216\u505a\u574f\u4e8b\uff0c<\/p>\n
\u800c\u8981\u5b66\u7684\u5728\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u9762\u524d\u6bd4\u5728\u522b\u4eba\u9762\u524d\u66f4\u77e5\u803b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u2014\u2014\u5fb7\u8c1f\u514b\u5229\u7279<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Linux\u7edf\u8ba1\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u76ee Linux\u4e0b\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff1als\u3001grep\u3001wc\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u53ef\u4ee5\u7edf\u8ba1\u76ee […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1615,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[11,4],"tags":[41,22,15],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yumefx.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1613"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yumefx.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yumefx.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yumefx.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yumefx.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1613"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.yumefx.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1613\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yumefx.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1615"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.yumefx.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1613"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yumefx.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1613"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.yumefx.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1613"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}